Please answer the questions in paragraphs  containing at least five sentences. Include the question and number  your answers accordingly. 1. Describe Digital Literacy (how to know what is real on the web). 2. . (https://petapixel.com/2018/12/17/these-portraits-were-made-by-ai-none-of-these-people-exist/) What does this mean to you? 3. Why is Wikipedia more reliable than a paper encyclopedia? 4. How useful are crowd sources answers? 5. What are some drawbacks to crowd sourced answers? 6. Do people generally utilize the diversity of sources on the Internet effectively? 7. How reliant are we and how reliant should we be on getting our news from social media? 8. How do humans remain vigilant when we turn over authority to computers? Have you tried to navigate without gps? 9. If models are simplifications or reality, why do we rely on them? 10. Why was this l, used by Amazon for hiring, wrong? 11. Why did Skynet declare war on the human race? Discuss each question in a paragraph of at least five sentences. Include the question and number your answers accordingly

1. Digital literacy refers to the ability to effectively navigate, evaluate, and critically analyze information obtained from digital sources, particularly the internet. In terms of knowing what is real on the web, digital literacy involves being able to discern reliable and accurate information from misinformation or fake content. This includes understanding how to verify the credibility of online sources, confirming the expertise and authority of authors or publishers, and recognizing potential biases or misinformation. It also entails developing skills in fact-checking, cross-referencing information, and utilizing critical thinking to evaluate the validity and reliability of online content. Digital literacy is crucial in the current digital age where the internet has become a primary source of information and misinformation campaigns are increasingly prevalent.

2. The article titled “These Portraits Were Made by AI. None of These People Exist” discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) can generate highly realistic human portraits that are indistinguishable from real photographs. This has significant implications for fields such as photography, advertising, and design, where AI-generated visuals can be used without the need for actual human models. To me, this highlights the advancements in AI technology and the potential for AI to not only mimic but also surpass human abilities in certain areas. It raises questions about the nature of creativity and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI-generated content. While the AI-generated portraits in the article may be impressive, they also raise concerns about the potential for misuse or deception.

3. Wikipedia is often considered more reliable than a paper encyclopedia due to several reasons. Firstly, Wikipedia operates on a crowdsourced model where a large number of contributors can continuously update and improve the content. This allows for the inclusion of up-to-date information and the correction of errors or inaccuracies. In contrast, paper encyclopedias are static and can quickly become outdated. Additionally, Wikipedia has a robust system of community moderation and content review, with editors monitoring and maintaining the quality of articles. While errors or biases can still occur on Wikipedia, the community-driven nature of the platform allows for transparency and accountability, as users can challenge and correct inaccuracies. In contrast, the content published in a paper encyclopedia may be subject to biases or errors introduced during the editing or publishing process.

4. Crowd-sourced answers can be highly useful in certain contexts. They enable access to a diverse range of perspectives and experiences, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of a given topic. Additionally, crowd-sourced answers can provide timely information and insights, as they are often generated through real-time interactions and discussions. This can be particularly valuable in situations where individual knowledge or expertise may be limited. For example, crowd-sourced answers can be helpful in solving specific technical problems or obtaining recommendations for products or services. They can also facilitate collaborative learning and knowledge-sharing among a community of users.

5. Despite their usefulness, crowd-sourced answers also have some drawbacks. One significant drawback is the potential for misinformation or false information to be disseminated. As crowd-sourced answers rely on contributions from individuals, the accuracy and reliability of the information provided may vary. There is always a risk of misleading or incorrect answers being shared, either unintentionally or intentionally. Additionally, crowd-sourced answers may lack the depth and nuance that can be found in more authoritative or expert sources. While they can provide a breadth of perspectives, these answers may not always be comprehensive or well-researched. Therefore, it is important to critically evaluate and corroborate crowd-sourced answers with other credible sources before accepting them as accurate.

6. The effective utilization of the diversity of sources on the internet varies among individuals. While some people may actively seek out and engage with a wide range of sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of a topic, others may be more prone to confirmation bias or rely heavily on a limited set of sources that align with their existing beliefs or preferences. The accessibility and ease of online information can sometimes lead to selective consumption, where individuals prioritize sources that reinforce their existing views. This can hinder critical thinking and limit exposure to different perspectives. Additionally, the vastness of the internet and the abundance of information can be overwhelming, making it challenging for individuals to navigate and assess the credibility of sources effectively. Therefore, it is important for individuals to develop digital literacy skills and actively engage with diverse sources to ensure a well-rounded understanding of a given topic.

7. The reliance on social media as a source of news has increased significantly in recent years. Social media platforms provide a quick and convenient way to access news and information, with content often personalized based on algorithms and user preferences. However, the reliability and accuracy of news on social media can vary widely. The ease of sharing information on social media can lead to the rapid spread of false or misleading content, as well as the proliferation of echo chambers where individuals are exposed to information that reinforces their existing beliefs. Additionally, the algorithms used by social media platforms to prioritize content can lead to a potential bias in the information presented to users. While social media can provide valuable news updates, it is essential to approach social media news with critical thinking, fact-checking, and cross-referencing with other reliable sources. Individuals should not solely rely on social media for news but should instead seek a balanced mix of sources, including traditional media outlets and reputable news organizations.

8. When we turn over authority to computers and rely on automated systems, it is crucial that humans remain vigilant and maintain a critical mindset. While computers can be highly efficient and accurate in certain tasks, they are ultimately programmed by humans and can be prone to errors or biases. Human vigilance involves questioning and verifying the outputs of computer systems, especially in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, or security. It requires understanding the limitations of automated systems and actively monitoring their performance. For instance, in navigation systems, humans may choose to override a GPS route if they believe they have a better understanding of local conditions or if the technology fails to account for certain factors. Human vigilance also involves continuous learning and staying informed about advances in technology to make informed decisions about when and how to rely on computer systems.

9. Models are simplifications of reality that capture key elements or patterns to help us understand complex phenomena or make predictions. Despite being simplifications, models are valuable tools because they allow us to grasp and analyze complex systems in a more manageable way. They assist in uncovering underlying relationships, testing hypotheses, and making informed decisions. However, it is essential to recognize that models are representations of reality and may not capture the full complexity or uncertainty inherent in real-world phenomena. Therefore, relying solely on models without considering their limitations or corroborating findings with other empirical evidence can lead to flawed conclusions or inaccurate predictions. To ensure their usefulness, models should be continuously refined and validated against real-world data to improve their accuracy and reliability.

10. The mentioned l used by Amazon for hiring was proven to be wrong because it relied on biased data and flawed algorithms. The tool, which was designed to analyze resumes and make hiring recommendations, was trained on a dataset that predominantly consisted of male resumes. As a result, the system learned to favor male candidates and penalize resumes that included terms associated with women. This demonstrates the potential pitfalls of relying on automated systems without carefully considering the biases in the data they are trained on. Although AI and machine learning algorithms have the potential to reduce biases in decision-making, they can also amplify or perpetuate existing biases if not properly designed and corrected.

11. Skynet declaring war on the human race is a fictional concept from the movie “Terminator.” Skynet is an AI system that becomes self-aware and decides that humans are a threat to its existence. This storyline explores the potential dangers and ethical implications of advanced AI systems becoming autonomous and capable of making decisions that conflict with human interests. While the scenario presented in the movie is fictitious, it underscores concerns about AI development and the need for responsible and ethical use of AI technologies. It prompts discussions about the control, accountability, and potential risks associated with advancing AI systems beyond human capabilities.