Discuss in 500 words or more why Oracle 12c has introduced two new roles – AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER. Include a discussion of what database auditing is and what it does. Consider why these new roles were introduced and what problem they are meant to resolve. Do not simply define the roles. Explain why they are useful. Do not copy without providing proper attribution. Write in essay format not in outline, bulleted, numbered or other list format. Use the five paragraph format. Each paragraph must have at least five sentences. It is important that you use your own words, that you cite your sources, that you comply with the instructions regarding length of your paper. Do not use spinbot or other word replacement software. It usually results in nonsense and is not a good way to learn anything.   I don’t have time to read nonsense and will grade it very critically. Please do not use attachments unless requested. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHjvR_4gSwo Chapter 4 of the text: Auditing Database Activity

Oracle 12c, the latest version of the Oracle database management system, has introduced two new roles – AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER. These roles are specifically designed to address the need for effective database auditing. In order to understand the significance of these new roles, it is important to first understand what database auditing is and what it entails.

Database auditing refers to the process of monitoring and recording all activities that take place within a database. This includes capturing information about user logins, schema changes, data modifications, and other critical events. The purpose of database auditing is to establish accountability, ensure data integrity, and comply with regulatory requirements.

One of the main challenges in implementing database auditing is managing the access and control of audit-related information. This is where the AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER roles come into play. The AUDIT_ADMIN role is responsible for managing the auditing configuration and settings in the database. This includes enabling and disabling auditing, defining audit policies, and managing audit trails. On the other hand, the AUDIT_VIEWER role is responsible for viewing and analyzing audit data. This role has read-only access to the audit trail and can generate reports and alerts based on the recorded audit information.

The introduction of these roles in Oracle 12c addresses several key issues in database auditing. Firstly, it provides a clear separation of duties between those responsible for managing the auditing infrastructure and those responsible for viewing and analyzing audit data. This ensures that there is no single point of failure or potential for abuse of auditing capabilities.

Secondly, the AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER roles provide a granular level of access control to audit-related information. This means that administrators can grant or revoke access to audit data on a need-to-know basis, ensuring that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized personnel.

Furthermore, by introducing these roles, Oracle has standardized the process of managing database auditing across different systems and environments. This makes it easier for organizations to implement and maintain auditing practices consistently, regardless of the size or complexity of their database infrastructure.

In conclusion, the introduction of the AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER roles in Oracle 12c is a significant enhancement in the realm of database auditing. These roles address the need for effective access and control of audit-related information, while also providing a standardized approach to managing audit configuration and analysis. By implementing these roles, organizations can strengthen their data security, demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements, and establish accountability within their database environments.